Tables in CKEditor 5 (overview)

The table feature gives you tools to create and edit tables. Tables are great for organizing data in a clear, visually appealing way.

# Demo

Use the insert table button to insert a new table into the content. Click inside the table to open a contextual toolbar. The toolbar lets you add or remove columns and rows . You can also merge or split cells .

Try toggling the caption on and off . You can also change the properties of the entire table or individual cells . To control the width of a column, click and drag its edge.

You may look for more interesting details in the Tables in CKEditor 5 blog post after reading this guide.

# Basic table features

The basic table features allow users to insert tables into content, add or remove columns and rows and merge or split cells.

The @ckeditor/ckeditor5-table package contains multiple plugins that implement various table-related features. The Table plugin is at the core of the ecosystem and it provides the table functionality. There are many other features that extend the editor capabilities:

# Table selection

The TableSelection plugin introduces support for the custom selection system for tables that lets you:

• Select an arbitrary rectangular table fragment – a few cells from different rows, a column (or a few of them) or a row (or multiple rows).
• Apply formatting or add a link to all selected cells at once.

The table selection plugin is loaded automatically by the Table plugin and can be tested in the demo above.

# Typing around tables

To type before or after a table easily, select the table, then press the Arrow key (← or →) once, depending on where you want to add content – before or after. The table is no longer selected and whatever text you type will appear in the desired position.

# Nesting tables

CKEditor 5 allows nesting tables inside other table’s cells. This may be used for creating advanced charts or layouts based on tables. The nested table can be formatted just like a regular one.

# Demo

You can test this feature in the demo below by adding a new table in the blank “abandoned” section at the bottom of the existing table. Click inside a cell and use the insert table button . A nested table will appear inside the cell.

# Known issues

While table nesting is fully functional, the Markdown code generated with the Markdown output feature will not properly render nested tables (#9475). Feel free to upvote 👍  this issue on GitHub if it is important for you.

# Table contextual toolbar

The TableToolbar plugin introduces a contextual toolbar for table. The toolbar appears when a table or a cell is selected and contains various table-related buttons. These would typically include add or remove columns and rows and merge or split cells . If these features are configured, the toolbar will also contain buttons for captions and table and cell properties.

The table selection plugin is loaded automatically by the Table plugin and can be tested in the demo above. Learn more about configuring a contextual toolbar in the Common API section below.

# Block vs inline content in table cells

The table feature allows for creating block content (like paragraphs, lists, headings, etc.) inside table cells. However, if a table cell contains just one paragraph and this paragraph has no special attributes (like text alignment), the cell content is considered “inline” and the paragraph is not rendered.

This means that a table cell can have two states: with inline content or with block content. The reason for this differentiation is that most tables contain only inline content (like the demo above) and it is common for “data tables” to not contain any block content. In such a scenario, printing out <p> elements would be semantically wrong and also unnecessary. There are, however, scenarios where the user wants to create, for example, a list inside a table cell and then the support for block content is necessary.

# Inline content

The following is the model representation of table cells with inline content only (a single <paragraph> inside):

<table>
    <tableRow>
        <tableCell>
            <paragraph>Foo</paragraph>
        </tableCell>
        <tableCell>
            <paragraph>Bar</paragraph>
        </tableCell>
    </tableRow>
</table>

The above model structure will be rendered to the data as:

<figure class="table">
    <table>
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>Foo</td>
                <td>Bar</td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</figure>

In the editing view (the editable container in which the user edits the content), additional <span> elements are created to compensate for the hidden <paragraph> elements:

<figure class="table">
    <table>
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td><span>Foo</span></td>
                <td><span>Bar</span></td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</figure>

# Block content

If a table cell contains any other block content than a single <paragraph> with no attributes, these block elements will be rendered.

The following is a sample table with some block content (model representation):

<table>
    <tableRow>
        <tableCell>
            <paragraph>Foo</paragraph>
            <paragraph>Bar</paragraph>
        </tableCell>
        <tableCell>
            <heading1>Some title</heading1>
        </tableCell>
        <tableCell>
            <paragraph textAlign="right">Baz</paragraph>
        </tableCell>
    </tableRow>
</table>

The above model structure will be rendered to the data and to the editing view as:

<figure class="table">
    <table>
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    <p>Foo</p>
                    <p>Bar</p>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <h2>Some title</h2>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <p style="text-align: right;">Baz</p>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</figure>

# Installation

After installing the editor, add the feature to your plugin list and toolbar configuration:

import { ClassicEditor, Table, TableToolbar } from 'ckeditor5';

ClassicEditor
    .create( document.querySelector( '#editor' ), {
        plugins: [ Table, TableToolbar, Bold, /* ... */ ],
        toolbar: [ 'insertTable', /* ... */ ],
        table: {
            contentToolbar: [ 'tableColumn', 'tableRow', 'mergeTableCells' ]
        }
    } )
    .then( /* ... */ )
    .catch( /* ... */ );

# Default table headers

To make every inserted table have n number of rows and columns as table headers by default, set an optional table configuration property defaultHeadings as follows:

import { ClassicEditor, Table, TableToolbar } from 'ckeditor5';

ClassicEditor
    .create( document.querySelector( '#editor' ), {
        plugins: [ Table, TableToolbar, Bold, /* ... */ ],
        toolbar: [ 'insertTable', /* ... */ ],
        table: {
            defaultHeadings: { rows: 1, columns: 1 }
        }
    } )
    .then( /* ... */ )
    .catch( /* ... */ );

Check the table with default headers applied to both the first row and the first column in the demo below. Click on the table and use the column properties or the row properties UI button to toggle the respective headers.

# Disallow nesting tables

By default, the editor allows nesting a table inside another table’s cell.

To disallow nesting tables, you need to register an additional schema rule. It needs to be added before the data is loaded into the editor. Due to that, it is best to implement it as a plugin:

function DisallowNestingTables( editor ) {
    editor.model.schema.addChildCheck( ( context, childDefinition ) => {
        if ( childDefinition.name == 'table' && Array.from( context.getNames() ).includes( 'table' ) ) {
            return false;
        }
    } );
}

// Pass it via config.extraPlugins or config.plugins:

ClassicEditor
    .create( document.querySelector( '#editor' ), {
        extraPlugins: [ DisallowNestingTables ],

        // The rest of the configuration.
    } )
    .then( /* ... */ )
    .catch( /* ... */ );

# Common API

# UI components

The Table plugins register the following UI components:

Component name	Registered by
The 'insertTable' dropdown	Table
The 'tableColumn' dropdown
The 'tableRow' dropdown
The 'mergeTableCells' split button

# Toolbars

The TableToolbar plugin introduces two balloon toolbars for tables.

• The content toolbar shows up when a table cell is selected and it is anchored to the table. It is possible to configure its content. Normally, the toolbar contains the table-related tools such as 'tableColumn' and 'tableRow' dropdowns and 'mergeTableCells' split button.
• The table toolbar shows up when the whole table is selected, for instance using the widget handler. It is possible to configure its content.

# Editor commands

Command name	Command class	Belongs to (top–level plugin)
'insertTable'	InsertTableCommand	Table
'insertTableColumnLeft'	InsertColumnCommand
'insertTableColumnRight'	InsertColumnCommand
'insertTableRowAbove'	InsertRowCommand
'insertTableRowBelow'	InsertRowCommand
'removeTableColumn'	RemoveColumnCommand
'removeTableRow'	RemoveRowCommand
'selectTableColumn'	SelectColumnCommand
'selectTableRow'	SelectRowCommand
'setTableColumnHeader'	SetHeaderColumnCommand
'setTableRowHeader'	SetHeaderRowCommand
'mergeTableCellRight'	MergeCellCommand
'mergeTableCellLeft'	MergeCellCommand
'mergeTableCellUp'	MergeCellCommand
'mergeTableCellDown'	MergeCellCommand
'splitTableCellVertically'	SplitCellCommand
'splitTableCellHorizontally'	SplitCellCommand

# Contribute

The source code of the feature is available on GitHub at https://github.com/ckeditor/ckeditor5/tree/master/packages/ckeditor5-table.